Dog diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder caused by a variety of factors, characterized by insulin deficiency or damage to insulin, resulting in intolerance to carbohydrates, and abnormal metabolism of proteins and fats. Most of the above are insulin-dependent diabetes (type Ⅰ diabetes), while non-insulin-dependent diabetes (type Ⅱ diabetes) are very rare. Most dogs have diabetes at ages 4-14, and the incidence is high for ages 7-9, and the incidence rate of females is twice that of males.
Causes of diabetes in dogs
① Hereditary factors: The breeds with frequent diabetes include Kenshoe, Pulick, Kane Geng and small Pinscher. In addition, breeds such as the noble dog, small Schnauzer, Labrador, Lhasa, Siberian Husky and Yorkshire Terrier are prone to development.
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② Other causes of the disease: immune-mediated insulinitis, pancreatitis, obesity, infection, complications, drug-induced (such as adrenal glucocorticoids) and amyloidosis in pancreatic are. Clinical symptoms of diabetes in dogs Common symptoms of diabetes are caused by excessive drinking, urination, excessive eating and weight loss. Polydial and polyuria occurs only when hyperglycemia causes diabetes. Isogenic hypoglycemia, cataracts, bacterial infections in the lower urinary tract, pancreatitis, ketoacidemia, hepatic lipid deposition syndrome, etc. are common complications. Sometimes, animal owners will go to the hospital for sudden blindness, while the typical "three more and one less" disease is ignored, and the affected dog may experience progressive ketoacidosis.
Dog diabetes can be divided into a ketoemia diabetes and ketoemia diabetes
①Alkeremia diabetes manifests as excessive drinking, polyuria, excessive eating and gradual loss of weight. Laboratory tests: Increased blood glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and cholesterol (CHOL). Urine test: positive glucose, negative ketone body.
② Ketoemia diabetes is manifested as excessive drinking, urinating, eating and gradual weight loss, vomiting and exhaling rotten apple odor. Laboratory tests: Increased blood glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and cholesterol (CHOL). Reduced sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chlorine (Cl), as well as metabolic acidosis. Urine test: positive urine glucose, positive urine ketone body. Diabetes treatment is not like blood biochemistry, and urine biochemistry is rarely accurately measured. This is because the important information about normal urine composition is the rate of kidney discharge, not the concentration in urine, because the concentration depends on the amount of urine excreted at the same time. In fact, the truly effective method is to determine the total excretion amount of 24 hours tablet method, sodium nitroprusside method and Hart's method.
Test tape method
Test tape method is to insert the tape into the urine, take it out for 40S, observe the color change, and determine the hemoglobin content in the urine. The levels that can be detected in urine include non-hemolytic trace amounts, hemolytic trace amounts, small amounts (+), medium amounts (++) and large amounts (+++). The test belt method is generally tested at 0.015-0.060 mg/dl of free hemoglobin, or 5-20 intact red blood cells per microliter of urine. When urine contains a lot of vitamin C, it can inhibit or delay its positive reaction. Non-hemolytic trace amounts refer to the fact that there are more than 5 intact red blood cells/μl in the urine, and blue spots appear on the test band. The purpose of
urine sediment test
treatment is to eliminate clinical symptoms secondary to hyperglycemia and diabetes. Limiting blood sugar fluctuations and maintaining near-normal blood sugar concentrations can help alleviate clinical symptoms and prevent the occurrence of complications. During the initial treatment, the dosage of insulin is relatively small and the dosage is 2 times/d. The blood sugar is controlled and hypoglycemia and Sumujie are not prone to occur. The amount of daily diet is particularly important. Recommended diet for diabetic dogs:
Food ingredients
--Increase fiber content
--Increase digestible carbohydrate ingredients
--Reduce fat content
-Feed canned or sensitive coarse grains, avoid eating foods containing monosaccharides, disaccharides and propylene glycol
Calorie intake and obesity
--Increase daily calorie intake of 40-60k/kg
In the presence of obesity, obesity should be eliminated by the following methods:
--Increase daily calorie intake of 40-60k/kg
Exercise amount
-Reduce daily energy intake
-Feed low-calorie, low-fat, high-fiber or low-calorie, low-fat, low-fiber weight loss foods
Feeding plan
-Maintain fixed energy per meal
-Maintain fixed time
-Feed half of the food when injecting insulin
--Dogs who like to eat a small amount of meals continue their eating methods
Exercise plays a very important role in maintaining blood sugar control in dogs with diabetes. It can mainly promote blood sugar drops and eliminate insulin resistance caused by obesity. Exercise can increase the utilization of insulin at the injection site, increase blood and lymph flow, increase blood flow to the exercise muscles and stimulate the transport of glucose into myocytes. Diabetic dogs should exercise every day and exercise regularly. Strong and occasional exercise must be avoided. In addition, animal owners must be aware of the symptoms of hypoglycemia and have sugary foods such as syrup, candy, food, etc.